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Alburnus Maior - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Alburnus Maior

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Alburnus Maior a fost cel mai important centru al exploatării aurifere din Dacia romană. Se situa în Munţii Apuseni, pe locul unde astăzi se află satul Roşia Montană din judeţul Alba. A fost înfiinţată de împăratul Traian şi colonizată cu mineri iliri aduşi din Dalmaţia. Exploatarea aurului era practicată dinainte de venirea romanilor, după cum o atestă mai multe galerii de epocă dacică. Numele însuşi al aşezării este considerat de origine dacică.

Exploatările de aur de la Alburnus Maior au fost sistematic organizate pe o arie întinsă din jurul localităţii antice. Se crede că, în perioada de maximă activitate, la minele din Alburnus Maior lucrau circa 20.000 de muncitori, care trimiteau la Roma 4.000 de kg de aur pe an.[1]

Descoperirile arheologice au scos la iveală numeroase tăbliţe cerate care fac lumină asupra unor aspecte esenţiale ale localităţii. Prin intermediul acestor tăbliţe a fost făcut cunoscut numele aşezării. Tot ele vorbesc despre coloniştii ilirici, din seminţiile Pirustae şi Baridustae, aduşi din Dalmaţia. Ei erau constituiţi în aşezări separate şi în asociaţii de mineri (collegia aurariorum). Tăbliţele menţionează existenţa multor aşezări de tip vici şi kastella, care gravitau în jurul localităţii Alburnus Maior şi care au fost confirmate de descoperirile arheologice din teritoriul Roşiei Montane. Localitatea romană ajunsese la dimensiunile unui oraş, însă nu a trecut de status-ul juridic de pagus, cel mai probabil din cauza gradului redus de romanizare. Pe lângă majoritatea iliră, aici lucrau greci, latini sau daci angajaţi cu contract.

Exploatarea a funcţionat mai multe decenii, pentru a fi în final abandonată, fie datorită secătuirii zăcămintelor, fie datorită descoperirilor de filoane mai bogate în alte provincii romane. Din vechea exploatare minieră se mai păstrează numeroasele galerii romane, precum şi resturile unei roţi hidraulice din lemn şi a unui sistem complex de drenaj.

Bibliografie

  • Preda, Constantin (coord.), Enciclopedia arheologiei şi istoriei vechi a României, volumul I, Editura Enciclopedică, Bucureşti 1994 ISBN 973-45-0044-9

Note

  1. Predescu, Lucian, Enciclopedia Cugetarea, p.742

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