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Armaş - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Armaş

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Armaşul era un dregător din Moldova şi Ţara Românească în evul mediu, care avea ca atribuţie aplicarea pedepselor hotărâte de domnie - aplicarea pedepselor corporale şi execuţiilor capitale, dar şi cu paza temniţelor. Subalternii lui se chemau armăşei. Funcţia de armaş este atestată documentar în Ţările Române din anul 1460, iar în Moldova din 13 martie 1489.

Marele armaş trebuia să prindă, să întemniţeze şi să îi cerceteze pe vinovaţii de crime: boieri trădători, ţărani răzvrătiţi, ucigaşi, tâlhari, hoţi. Pe aceştia avea dreptul să-i supună la torturi. El executa pedeapsa cu moartea sau cu mutilarea prin intermediul călăului, dar la porunca domnului trebuia să o execute el însuşi.

În popor armaşul era o figură extrem de temută, datorită faptului că de cele mai multe ori se deda la abuzuri care induceau teroare în rândurile populaţiei. Oamenii din subordinea marelui armaş erau folosiţi pentru recuperarea datoriilor. Veniturile armaşilor proveneau din taxe recuperate, din pedepse aplicate, din confiscarea lucrurilor furate de tâlhari iar de multe ori venituri obţinute prin abuzuri. Armaşii mai aveau şi alte atribuţii secundare în armată.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Populare Române, Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1962-1964
  • Sachelarie, Ovid; Stoicescu, Nicolae (coord.), Instituţii feudale din ţările române. Dicţionar, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, Bucureşti, 1988
  • Scorpan, Costin, Istoria României. Enciclopedie, Editura Nemira, Bucureşti, 1997 ISBN 973-569-180-9