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Bătălia de la Sântimbru - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Bătălia de la Sântimbru

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Planul bătăliei de la Sântimbru

Bătălia de la Sântimbru (18 martie 1442), între oastea otomană şi cea a voievodatului Transilvaniei.

Încă din 1436, se intensifică atacurile asupra Transilvaniei, Comitatul Timişoarei este jefuit, fără ca oficialităţile să întreprindă ceva pentru a-l apăra, iar în 1438, oastea comandată de sultanul Murad II (1421 – 1444, 1446 – 1451), pradă aproape tot voievodatul. În aceste condiţii, la conducerea Banatului de Severin şi a Timişoarei este numit Iancu de Hunedoara, devenit, din 1441, şi voievod al Transilvaniei (1441 - 1456).

Otomanii pătrund în Ţara Românească şi de aici, sub comanda bey-ului de Vidin, Mezid, o mare oaste atacă Transilvania, prin pasul Turnu, şi pradă teritoriul de sud, de la Sibiu până pe Valea Mureşului. Iancu a proclamat mobilizarea generală, curieri au mers în toate colţurile voievodatului anunţând primejdia. Înainte ca oastea să fie alcătuită, Iancu iese în faţa invadatorilor în apropiere de Alba Iulia. Adoptă tactica ofensivă şi atacă spre Sântimbru (jud. Alba). Otomanii contraatacă, sparg centrul oastei ardelene, şi o obligă să se retragă şi să se refugieze în cetate. În acţiune a fost prins şi ucis episcopul de Alba Iulia, Gheorghe Lepeş. În timp ce Iancu aştepta întăriri, otomanii au pornit după pradă, fapt ce i-a permis acestuia să atace şi să-i înfrângă peste numai câteva zile.

Bibliografie

  • George Marcu (coord.), Enciclopedia bătăliilor din istoria românilor, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti, 2011