Warning: Constant Data already defined in /home/encicl/public_html/w/LocalSettings.php on line 259

Warning: Constant Discuţie Data already defined in /home/encicl/public_html/w/LocalSettings.php on line 260

Warning: session_name(): Session name cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/Setup.php on line 531

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property LoadBalancer::$mWriteIndex is deprecated in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/db/LoadBalancer.php on line 65

Deprecated: Return type of ResultWrapper::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/db/DatabaseUtility.php on line 197

Deprecated: Return type of ResultWrapper::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/db/DatabaseUtility.php on line 215

Deprecated: Return type of ResultWrapper::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/db/DatabaseUtility.php on line 208

Deprecated: Return type of ResultWrapper::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/db/DatabaseUtility.php on line 225

Deprecated: Return type of ResultWrapper::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/db/DatabaseUtility.php on line 186

Deprecated: Return type of ExplodeIterator::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/utils/StringUtils.php on line 576

Deprecated: Return type of ExplodeIterator::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/utils/StringUtils.php on line 590

Deprecated: Return type of ExplodeIterator::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/utils/StringUtils.php on line 583

Deprecated: Return type of ExplodeIterator::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/utils/StringUtils.php on line 609

Deprecated: Return type of ExplodeIterator::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/utils/StringUtils.php on line 558

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Revision::$mTextId is deprecated in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/Revision.php on line 536

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Revision::$mUnpatrolled is deprecated in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/Revision.php on line 696

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WikitextContentHandler::$mModelName is deprecated in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/content/ContentHandler.php on line 416

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property RequestContext::$recursion is deprecated in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/context/RequestContext.php on line 328

Deprecated: header(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($response_code) of type int is deprecated in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 37

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/encicl/public_html/w/LocalSettings.php:259) in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 37

Deprecated: header(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($response_code) of type int is deprecated in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 37

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/encicl/public_html/w/LocalSettings.php:259) in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 37

Deprecated: header(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($response_code) of type int is deprecated in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 37

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/encicl/public_html/w/LocalSettings.php:259) in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 37

Deprecated: header(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($response_code) of type int is deprecated in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 37

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/encicl/public_html/w/LocalSettings.php:259) in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/WebResponse.php on line 37

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/encicl/public_html/w/LocalSettings.php:259) in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/cache/HTMLFileCache.php on line 138

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/encicl/public_html/w/LocalSettings.php:259) in /home/encicl/public_html/w/includes/cache/HTMLFileCache.php on line 139
Carpaţii Meridionali - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Carpaţii Meridionali

de la Enciclopedia României

Salt la: navigare, căutare
Carpaţii Meridionali

Carpaţii Meridionali se întind în zona centrală a României între Valea Prahovei şi Dunăre. Reprezintă şirul montan cel mai înalt şi mai masiv din Carpaţii româneşti, au un relief şi o vegetaţie asemănătoare cu cea a munţilor Alpi, drept pentru care au fost denumiţi „Alpii Transilvaniei” de către geograful francez Emmanuel de Martonne (1873-1955).

Culmile înalte prezintă pante mai repezi spre Transilvania şi mai domoale spre Muntenia şi Oltenia. Carpaţii Meridionali conservă cel mai reprezentativ relief glaciar din România, cu urme glaciare cuaternare. Vârfurile Moldoveanu, Negoiu, Parângul Mare şi Peleaga depăşesc 2500 m, iar plaiurile sunt foarte extinse, cu bogate păşuni alpine valorificate intens prin creşterea ovinelor de către locuitorii Ţării Bârsei, Ţării Oltului, Depresiunii Cibinului, Depresiunii Petroşanilor şi Ţării Haţegului.

În componenţa Carpaţilor Meridionali intră două unităţi tectonice: „autohtonul” şi „Pânza Getică”. Carpaţii Meridionali au fost în cea mai mare parte acoperiţi de mări către sfârşitul erei paleozoice şi în cursul erei mezozoice. În perioada cretacică, în această regiune au avut loc puternice mişcări tectonice, care au determinat cutarea depozitelor şi încălecarea Pânzei Getice peste autohton şi transformarea regiunii într-o zonă muntoasă. Datorită şisturilor cristaline care predomină, munţii au un caracter masiv. În zona crestelor înalte prezintă multe urme glaciare.

În Carpaţii Meridionali se găsesc importante zăcăminte de cărbuni (Petroşani, Cozla etc.), minereuri de fier (Teliuc, Ghelar, Ocna de Fier), de mică, grafit şi roci utile.

Masivele cele mai importante sunt: Bucegi, Făgăraş, Parâng şi Godeanu. Altitudinea maximă este înregistrată la vârful Moldoveanul (2.543 m), urmat de Negoiul (2.535 m), Parângul Mare (2.518 m), Retezatul (2.509), Omul (2.507). Trecătorile sunt puţine: Predeal, Bran, Lainici şi Turnu Roşu.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Populare Române - Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1962-1964
  • Butură, Valer – Străvechi mărturii de civilizaţie românească, Editura Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 1989
  • Ghinea, Dan - Enciclopedia geografică a României, Editura Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 2000

Note