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Curuţi - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Curuţi

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Francisc Rákóczi al II-lea a condus răscoala curuţilor

Curuţi (din maghiară: kuruc = haiduc) a fost numele dat în Ungaria şi în Transilvania participanţilor de diferite naţionalităţi la lupta antihabsburgică de la începutul secolului al XVIII-lea (1703 - 1711), sub conducerea lui Francisc Rákóczi al II-lea.

Răscoala curuţilor a apărut în contextul Unirii cu Roma a unei părţi a Bisericii Ortodoxe din Transilvania (februarie 1697) şi datorită preluării suzeranităţii principatului Transilvaniei de către habsburgi, în urma păcii de la Karlowitz (1699). Aceste schimbări au produs nemulţumirea unor pături sociale din Ungaria şi mai apoi din Transilvania, care în cele din urmă s-au răsculat. În 1703 în fruntea mişcării, din rândurile căreia făceau parte români, maghiari, slovaci şi ruteni, ajunge Francisc Rákóczi al II-lea. Cu toate acestea, răscoala a păstrat caracterul unei manifestări spontane, lipsind coeziunea dintre diferitele clase sociale implicate. Nobilimea dorea doar îndepărtarea dominaţiei habsburgice, pe când păturile inferioare ale societăţii luptau în plus pentru eliminarea fiscalităţii excesive şi a servituţilor feudale. În acest sens, mai ales în Transilvania, mişcarea a căpătat un accent social, ceea ce a dus la participarea limitată a nobilimii în cadrul acesteia, inclusiv a lui Rákóczi, ales principe în 1704.

Împotriva curuţilor au luptat lobonţii (sau labanţii, în maghiară labanc), ostaşi de diverse naţionalităţi (mai ales germani) loiali Imperiului Habsburgic[1].

Răscoala curuţilor s-a încheiat în 1711 prin pacea de la Satu Mare. Prin aceasta, nobilimea recunoştea în cele din urmă autoritatea habsburgică în Transilvania.

Note

  1. Anterior, din 1526, dar mai frecvent din 1678, termenul desemna pe soldaţii Regatului Ungariei. După încheierea răscoalei curuţilor (1711), termenul desemna pe toţi cei care erau de partea habsburgilor din Regatul Ungariei

Bibliografie

  • colectiv, Istoria poporului român, Editura Ştiinţifică, Bucureşti, 1970.

Bibliografie suplimentară