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Lacul Roşu - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Lacul Roşu

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Lacu Roşu, văzut toamna

Lacul Roşu (numit şi Ghilcoş, sau Ucigaşul) este un lac de baraj natural pe valea râului Bicaz, în zona izvoarelor acestuia, în apropiere de Cheile Bicazului. Este cel mai tânăr lac natural din România şi totodată un lac de baraj natural. Aflat în judeţul Harghita, la limita cu judeţul Neamţ, lacul este accesibil de pe drumul naţional DN12C care face legătura între oraşele Gheorgheni şi Bicaz.

S-a format în anul 1837, atunci când o porţiune din muntele Ghilcoş (un pinten format din grohotişuri) s-a surpat şi a blocat cursul natural al râului. Alunecarea a fost cauzată de îmbibarea excesivă cu apă a suprafaţei vulnerabile, pe fondul unei perioade de ploi abundente. În consecinţă, s-a format un lac natural încadrat de vârfurile Şuhardul Mic (1.352 m) şi Şuhardul Mare (1507 m) precum şi vârful Ghilocoş (1.406 m). Pe malul lacului s-a dezvoltat staţiunea balneo-climaterică Lacul Roşu, subordonată oraşului Gheorgheni, judeţul Harghita.

Denumirea de „Lacu Roşu” derivă de la argilele bogate în oxizi de fier, aduse de Pârâul Roşu şi depozitate în lac. Totodată, rocile masivului Suhard sunt şi ele de culoare roşie, motiv pentru care reflecţia acestuia în apa lacului sporeşte efectul vizual al culorii roşie. Ciobanii din zonă i-au dat numele de Lacul Roşu. Primul care a folosit denumirea actuală a fost Orbán Balázs, în 1864.

Din vechea pădure care acoperea albia văii s-au păstrat şi astăzi vârfurile brazilor, rămaşi pe picioare în amonte de baraj. Trunchiurile lor s-au conservat datorită apei bogate în carbonaţi de calciu şi oxid de fier.

Dimensiuni

  • Suprafaţa: 11 hectare
  • Lungime: 2,5 km
  • Lăţime: 100-200 m
  • Perimetru: 3 km
  • Adâncimea maximă: 9,6 m
  • Volum: 580.000 m3
  • Altitudine: 980 metri.

Când s-a format, lacul avea dimensiuni mai mari faţă de cele din prezent. În formă de L, segmentul mai lung avea 1.300 m iar cel mai scurt 650 m, faţă de 900 m, respectiv 435 m în prezent.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Populare Române - Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1962-1964
  • Ghinea, Dan - Enciclopedia geografică a României, Editura Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 2000

Bibliografie recomandată

  • Lacu Roşu, Cheile Bicazului, F&F International, Gheorgheni, 2000 ISBN 973-99623-3-5 (ghid turistic)
  • Csiby, Andrei - Călăuza regiunei climaterice Lacul-Roşu (Ghilcoş) Ciuc, I Khahan, Gheorgheni, 1938

Legături externe