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Podul lui Apolodor - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Podul lui Apolodor

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Podul lui Apolodor (în stânga), aşa cum este reprezentat pe Columna lui Traian

Podul lui Apolodor (numit şi Podul lui Traian) a fost un pod construit peste Dunăre între anii 103 şi 105 din ordinul împăratului roman Traian, cuceritorul Daciei, în dreptul actualului municipiu Drobeta Turnu-Severin. Arhitectul podului a fost Apolodor din Damasc, unul dintre arhitecţii vestiţi ai antichităţii, cel care a realizat şi Columna lui Traian de la Roma. Scopul podului a fost acela de a asigura armatei romane o legătură bună cu teritoriul de la nordul Dunării, în vedea viitoarei campanii ce avea să se desfăşoare între anii 105-106 împotriva Daciei, campanie cunoscută şi sub numele de al doilea război dacic.

Locul de construire al podului a fost ales cu pricepere, într-un loc unde apele Dunării, ieşite din defileul Cazanelor, sunt mai liniştite, iar albia râului, formată dintr-un pietriş de consistenţă tare, permite susţinerea greutăţii podului. De asemenea, în locul unde s-a construit podul, lăţimea şi adâncimea apei erau favorabile unei asemenea construcţii.

Podul a fost construit utilizând mâna de lucru a militarilor din Legiunea VII Claudia Felix, Cohorta I Cretum, Cohorta III Brittanum, Cohorta II Hispanorum şi din Legiunea V Macedonica. Tablierul podului se sprijinea pe 20 stâlpi de piatră, dispuşi unul de altul la o distanţă de 170 picioare romane. La capete podul avea câte un portal împodobit cu trofee. Partea superioară a podului era realizată din lemn. Imagini ale podului se pot vedea şi azi pe Columna lui Traian de la Roma. Pentru a lega provincia din sudul Dunării cu viitoarea provincie romană Dacia, la ordinul împăratului Traian s-a construit pe malul drept al fluviului un drum, menţionat în Tabula Traiana.

Nu se cunoaşte cu precizie când şi cum a fost distrus podul, istoricii antici vorbind de o viaţă scurtă a acestei construcţii.

Un picior al podului lui Apolodor se mai poate vedea şi azi în incinta muzeului de istorie din municipiul Drobeta Turnu-Severin.

Bibliografie

  • Magazin istoric - anul XXXIX, nr. 6 (459), iunie 2005.