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Bateria Elisabeta - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Bateria Elisabeta

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Bateria Elisabeta a fost o baterie de coastă amplasată pe malul Dunării în timpul Războiului pentru Independenţă din anii 1877-1878.

Marele Cartier General a decis transformarea localităţii Calafat, judeţul Dolj, într-un punct puternic fortificat, ca parte a Operaţiei de acoperire a Dunării în timpul Războiului pentru Independenţă. Începând cu anul 1876 au fost construite mai multe baterii pe malul Dunării care aveau rolul de a se opune forţelor turceşti de pe malul opus al fluviului. Aceste baterii vor deschide ostilităţile împotriva Imperiului otoman în momentul în care România va intra în Războiul pentru Independenţă. Construcţia de noi baterii a continuat până în anul 1877, în funcţie de nevoile armatei. Au fost construite în total pe malul Dunării un număr de zece baterii, puse sub comanda unică a maiorului Nicolae Dimitrescu-Maican, cu un efectiv total de trei sute douăzeci militari. Fiecare baterie a primit un nume sugestiv din istoria românilor. Numele celor zece baterii de artilerie construite la Calafat în timpul Războiului pentru Independenţă sunt: Carol, Elisabeta, Mircea, Ştefan cel Mare, Mihai Bravu, Renaşterea, Independenţa I, Independenţa II, Perseverenţa şi Basarabia.

Bateria Elisabeta era deja construită la începutul lunii mai 1877 şi a făcut parte din primele trei baterii de coastă de pe Dunăre cu care armata română a intrat în război (împreună cu bateriile Carol şi Mircea). Era armată cu cinci tunuri de bronz, calibru 152,4 mm, de producţie rusească şi era destinată lovirii cetăţii Vidin, de pe malul opus al Dunării, şi a spaţiului dintre cetate şi malul fluviului. Efectivul bateriei era de şaizeci militari, din marina românească.

Bateria Elisabeta a fost comandantă succesiv de căpitanul Vasile Urseanu (devenit din 1882 primul comandant al bricului "Mircea") şi de locotenentul Ion Perticari.

Bibliografie

  • Stroea, Adrian, col. conf. univ. dr., Băjenaru, Gheorghe, lt. col - Artileria română în date şi imagini, Editura Centrului Tehnic-Editorial al Armatei, Bucureşti, 2010 ISBN 978-606-524-080-3
Baterii de artilerie construite la Calafat în timpul Războiului pentru Independenţă
ElisabetaMirceaŞtefan cel MareMihai BravuRenaştereaIndependenţa IIndependenţa IIPerseverenţaBasarabia