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Potaissa - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Potaissa

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Potaissa (Patavissa, Patabissa) a fost unul din cele mai mari importante oraşe din Dacia romană, pe teritoriul actualului oraş Turda, judeţul Cluj. Iniţial a fost o aşezare dacică, iar după cucerirea romană a Daciei a fost mai întâi sat (vicus) şi apoi oraş.

Prima menţiune despre existenţa Potaissei romane datează din anul 108, când o unitate militară era dislocată aici pentru a construi drumul de la Napoca la Potaissa. Odată cu cucerirea romană începe să fie colonizată cu colonişti romani, atraşi de abundenţa resurselor din jur: cariere de piatră, păduri, terenuri propice agriculturii. În plus, se bucura de dreptul italic (jus Italicum), care atrăgea după sine scutirea de impozitul funciar. Hotărâtor pentru soarta aşezării a fost stabilirea la Potaissa, în jurul anului 170, a legiunii a V-a Macedonica, cu misiunea de a apăra nordul Daciei în faţa năvălirilor barbare. Legiunea construieşte castrul - cetatea de apărare - şi participă deopotrivă la edificarea oraşului. Ca urmare Potaissa a fost ridicată la rangul de municipium (municipium Septimium Potaissense) de împăratul roman Septimiu Sever (193 - 211) şi mai apoi la cel de colonia - cel mai mare rang urban din Imperiu - probabil de către împăratul roman Caracalla (211 - 217).

Începând cu a doua jumătate a secolului al III-lea, oraşul a început să sufere tot mai mult din cauza instabilităţii produse de invaziile barbarilor. În jurul anului 271-275, legiunea a V-a se retrage din Potaissa la Oescus, la sud de Dunăre. Retragerea romanilor a antrenat şi dispersarea populaţiei civile şi prin urmare o decădere rapidă a oraşului. Ultima lovitură i-a fost dată de trecerea hunilor în secolul V. Aceştia care au pustiit totul, au împrăştiat populaţia care mai rămăsese aici şi au pus astfel capăt vieţii urbane. Căzută complet în ruină, Potaissa a mai fost locuită doar sporadic în decursul secolelor care au urmat. Pe ruinele ei s-a dezvoltat mai târziu Turda de astăzi.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Populare Române, Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1962-1964
  • Bărbulescu, Mihai, Potaissa. Studiu monografic, Turda 1999

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