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Tibiscum - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Tibiscum

de la Enciclopedia României

Salt la: navigare, căutare

Tibiscum (Tibisco, Tibiscus) a fost o aşezare dacică, apoi oraş în Dacia romană, cunoscut ca municipiu (municipium Tibiscensium) pe vremea împăratului Gallienus (253-268), rang la care fusese ridicat, probabil, sub Septimiu Sever (193-211). Oraşul se găsea la ieşirea râului Timiş din munţi şi vărsarea râului Bistra, lângă Caransebeş, azi localitatea Jupa. Cu toate că nu a avut amploarea centrelor Sarmizegetusa (aflată în apropiere), Apulum sau Drobeta, Tibiscumul a fost totuşi unul dintre cele mai mari oraşe ale Daciei romane. Poziţia sa geografică strategică, la intersecţia a două importante drumuri imperiale, a făcut din Tibiscum cel mai important oraş din sistemul defensiv al Daciei romane şi în special a capitalei Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa.

Atestare şi etimologie

Fragment din Tabula Peutingeriana reprezentând „Drumul Cernei”:
Tierna - Ad Media - Pretorio - Ad Pannonios - Gaganis - Masclianis - Tivisco - Agnavie - Ponte Augusti - Sarmategte

Numele său este de origine dacă şi se pare că vine de la râul Timiş, care avea numele dac, apoi roman, de Tibiscus. Oraşul apare menţionat cu numele Tiriskon, la mijlocul secolului III, în lucrarea Geographia a lui Ptolemeu. Importantă este şi menţionarea sa pe Tabula Peutingeriana, unde apare cu numele Tivisco, iar geograful din Ravenna, în secolul VI, o numeşte Tibis.

Descriere

Tibiscumul, azi sit arheologic pe o suprafaţă de circa 27 ha., este compus din trei părţi principale;

  • Oraşul civil, aflat pe malul drept al Timişului;
  • Castrul roman, aflat pe partea stângă a Timişului, cu rol militar;
  • Vicusul, aflat în imediata apropiere a castrului, o aşezare specială locuită de negustori, familii ale soldaţilor, veterani şi în general persoanele care aveau legătură cu castrul militar.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Socialiste România, Dicţionar Enciclopedic. vol IV, editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1966

Bibliografie recomandată

  • Benea, Doina, Atelierele romane de mărgele de la Tibiscum, Excelsior Art, Timişoara, 2004 ISBN 973-592-113-8
  • Benea, Doina, Tibiscum, Museion, Bucureşti, 2004 ISBN 973-95902-6-8

Vedeţi şi

Legături externe